How to Make an Age Old Classic: Making Gingerbread Cookies

Nothing quite says Christmas like baking and making gingerbread treats. Not only does the final product taste great, but it is an activity that all ages can participate in and enjoy. This treat can utilize many people in the kitchen at once, like the old saying goes: the more the merrier. And merry you all will be. Some of my most cherished memories include making Gingerbread people with my Grandma as well as making Gingerbread Houses in middle school home ec class.

This is a straightforward recipe, and feel free to take liberties and add or lower amounts of said ingredients to your liking. Enjoy!

Note: this recipe is geared for gingerbread people, making a house only requires slight changes.

3 cups all-purpose flour

3/4 teaspoon baking soda

1 tablespoon ground ginger

1 tablespoon ground cinnamon

1/2 teaspoon ground cloves

1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg

1/2 teaspoon salt

1/2 cup (1 stick) unsalted butter, softened

1/2 cup dark brown sugar, packed

1 large egg

1/2 cup molasses

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

For Decorating (Optional):

Icing (any variety)

Assorted sprinkles, candies, or edible glitter

Equipment Needed

Mixing bowls

Hand or stand mixer

Rolling pin

Cookie cutters (gingerbread men, stars, trees, etc.)

Baking sheets

Parchment paper

Cooling rack

Piping bag or zip-top bag for icing

Instructions

1. Prepare the Dough

In a medium bowl, whisk together the dry ingredients: flour, baking soda, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and salt. Set aside.

In a large mixing bowl, cream the butter and brown sugar together using a hand or stand mixer until light and fluffy (about 2–3 minutes).

Add the egg, molasses, and vanilla extract to the butter mixture and beat until well combined.

Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing until the dough is uniform and slightly sticky.

2. Chill the Dough

Divide the dough in half and flatten each portion into a disc.

Wrap the discs in plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 1 hour (or up to 24 hours) to firm up the dough for easier rolling and cutting.

3. Roll and Cut the Dough

Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line baking sheets with parchment paper.

Lightly flour your work surface and rolling pin.

Roll out one dough disc to about 1/4-inch thickness. (If the dough is too firm, let it sit at room temperature for a few minutes.)

Use cookie cutters to cut out shapes and transfer them to the prepared baking sheets, leaving about 1 inch of space between cookies.

4. Bake the Cookies

Bake in the preheated oven for 8–10 minutes, or until the edges are firm but the centers are still slightly soft.

Remove from the oven and let the cookies cool on the baking sheets for 5 minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely.

5. Decorate the Cookies (Optional)

If desired, prepare royal icing by mixing powdered sugar, meringue powder, and water according to the package instructions (or use store-bought icing).

Decorate the cookies with icing and sprinkles as desired.

Let the decorated cookies sit at room temperature for 1–2 hours to allow the icing to set completely.

Enjoy your festive gingerbread cookies! 🎄🍪

How to Make Mexican Pozole

    Growing up in a Mexican household, I knew that as soon as fall and winter started to creep in, we’d be gearing up to make tamales, pozole, ponche, arroz con leche, and more. Today, I’m going to show you how to make pozole rojo for a family of four. Keep in mind, you can use any type of meat or chicken. The salsa can be red or green. You can make pozole any time of the year; it doesn’t really matter when. It’s a simple dish, and every time, it tastes amazing. Keep in mind that there are different ways to make pozole. I’m sure every family has its own version, but for this list, I’m just show you the basics. This is a simple version, and it’s up to you to adjust it to your liking. I’m going to have to gatekeep some of the family recipe—sorry about that! But these basics are good for your first time.

The ingredients to get started with pozole are as follows (measure to your liking):

• Get pork and/or chicken.
• 6 cups water
• 1 medium onion, halved
• 4 garlic cloves, peeled
• 2 bay leaves
• 1 tsp. salt 
• Canned Hominy. Drained and rinsed

The salsa roja (red sauce): This step is simple, but we prefer it really spicy. However, this is a basic salsa and not that spicy.

• 3 dried guajillo chilies, seeded and stemmed
• 2 dried ancho chilies, seeded and stemmed
• 1 garlic clove
• 1/2 tsp. oregano
• 1/2 tsp. cumin
• 1/2 tsp. salt
• 1/2 cup water

Toppings: Add these after the pozole is fully cooked

• Shredded cabbage
• Thinly sliced radishes
• Diced onion
• Lime wedges
• Tostadas or corn chips
• Avocado slices

Instructions for Cooking the Meat:

• In a large pot, combine the pork (or chicken), water, onion, garlic cloves, bay leaves, and salt. Bring to a boil, ensuring the mixture is well-seasoned.
• Cook for about 1.5 to 2 hours, or until the meat is tender. If foam rises to the surface, skim it off.
• Once cooked, remove the meat and cut it into bite-sized pieces. Discard everything except the broth, as you will need it.

Preparing the salsa roja:

• Lightly toast the dried chilies in a pan, checking each side to ensure they are evenly cooked. Let them cool for a minute or two after toasting.
• Blend the chilies with garlic, oregano, cumin, salt, and 1/2 cup of water until smooth. You can also add a little of the broth for extra flavor.

Setting Up the Pozole:

• Heat 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil in a large pot over medium heat.
• Once the oil is hot, carefully pour in the strained red chili sauce slowly, stirring constantly as you add it.
• Cook the sauce, stirring frequently, until it loses its raw taste and looks thickened and more cooked, about 5–7 minutes.
• Add the pork or chicken, the drained hominy, and the reserved broth to the pot. Stir well to ensure everything is evenly mixed and the hominy absorbs the flavors of the broth and chili sauce.
• Simmer over medium heat for 20–30 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
• After simmering, taste the pozole and adjust the seasoning if needed. If additional seasoning is added, cook for another 10 minutes over medium heat to allow the flavors to meld thoroughly.

Serve: You’re almost done!

• Serve yourself a bowl of pozole.
  
• Add any of the suggested toppings or anything else you like.
  
• That’s it—enjoy!

    As you can see, making pozole isn’t too hard. It does take a little time, but not as much as some other dishes. Remember, you can make it with any meat or stick to just chicken. The salsa can be red or green, and as spicy or mild as you like. If this is your first attempt and it doesn’t turn out as perfect as you’d hoped, that’s okay—this is a new skill, and it takes practice. Once you master this recipe and add your own twist, you’ll be the talk of family dinners and gatherings. Next time we will do mole rojo con arroz blanco. Enjoy :)

It's a bit odd to share this recipe in English since it feels smoother and clearer for me in Spanish. If you'd like the Spanish version, just let me know. Thank you!

Getting Started with Pool: Tips for Beginners

Playing pool can feel a little intimidating at first, especially when you’re surrounded by people who seem to know exactly what they’re doing. I remember the first time I played—I was nervous even to take a shot because I didn’t want to mess up in front of everyone. But what I’ve learned since then is that pool isn’t about being perfect right away. It’s about practicing, having patience, and most importantly, having fun.

If you’re new to pool and want to improve, here are some beginner-friendly tips that helped me get more comfortable at the table:

Start with the Basics

Before you dive into advanced shots, focus on getting the basics right. Practice hitting the cue ball straight and aiming for specific targets on the table. This will help you build a solid foundation and feel more in control of your shots.

Relax Your Grip

One of the first things I learned is not to grip the cue stick too tightly. Your back hand should control the power, while your front hand acts as a guide. If your hands are too tense, your shots will feel awkward. Keep your grip firm but relaxed, and you’ll notice an improvement right away.

Learn to Read Angles

Angles are key to pool. When you’re lining up a shot, take a moment to think about how the cue ball needs to hit the other ball to make it into the pocket. It’s like solving a mini puzzle with every shot. This part can take time to master, but even practicing basic angles will make a big difference.

Take Your Time

It’s easy to feel rushed, especially if you’re playing with more experienced players. But don’t let the pressure throw you off. Line up your shot, check your aim, and take a deep breath before you hit. Taking your time helps you stay focused and prevents careless mistakes.

Practice Makes Progress

No one is amazing at pool right away—it takes time. Play with friends, watch others, and practice when you can. Each game is a chance to improve, even if you don’t win.

Ask for Tips

If you’re playing with someone who’s more experienced, don’t be afraid to ask for advice. Most people are happy to share tips, and it’s a great way to learn. You’ll pick up on little things, like how to hold the cue stick or where to aim, that can make a big difference in your game.

Keep It Fun

At the end of the day, pool is about enjoying yourself. Whether you’re practicing alone or playing a casual game with friends, try to have fun and not take it too seriously. Even missed shots can be a learning experience.

Pool is one of those games that gets better the more you play. It might feel awkward at first, but stick with it, and you’ll see progress. So next time you’re at a pool table, grab a cue stick, take a deep breath, and go for it. You never know—you might surprise yourself with how much you improve.

 

New Year New You

As the new year approaches, it is time to bring in the new and out with the old! Let's Talk About IT- 

Embracing Minimalism: A Journey to a Simpler Life

    In an age dominated by consumerism and the constant pursuit of more, minimalism has emerged as a refreshing counterculture movement. It’s not merely about decluttering your home; it's a lifestyle choice that encourages individuals to focus on what truly matters. In this blog post, we’ll explore the philosophy of minimalism, its benefits, and how to start your own journey toward a simpler life.

Minimalism is the intentional choice to live with less—less clutter, less distraction, and less stress. It invites us to prioritize quality over quantity, emphasizing experiences over possessions. Minimalists often advocate for living with only the items that add value to their lives, fostering a sense of clarity and purpose.

The Benefits of Minimalism

1. Reduced Stress and Anxiety: A cluttered environment can lead to a cluttered mind. By simplifying your surroundings, you create a more peaceful space that can help reduce feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Minimalism encourages you to create a calming atmosphere that promotes relaxation and focus.

2. Increased Focus and Productivity: With fewer distractions, you can concentrate better on what truly matters. Whether it’s your work, hobbies, or relationships, minimalism allows you to devote your time and energy to activities and people that bring you joy and fulfillment.

3. Financial Freedom: Embracing minimalism often leads to smarter spending habits. By resisting the urge to buy unnecessary items, you can save money and allocate resources toward experiences, travel, or meaningful investments. This financial freedom can alleviate stress and open up new opportunities.

4. Environmental Impact: Minimalism aligns with sustainable living. By consuming less and being mindful of what you purchase, you can reduce your carbon footprint. Opting for quality, eco-friendly products over disposable ones contributes to a healthier planet.

 How to Start Your Minimalist Journey

1. Declutter Your Space: Begin by evaluating your belongings. Take a systematic approach—one room or category at a time. Ask yourself if each item serves a purpose or brings you joy. If not, consider donating, recycling, or selling it. Remember, decluttering is a process, so take your time.

2. Adopt a One In, One Out Rule: To maintain a minimalist lifestyle, practice the “one in, one out” rule. For every new item you bring into your home, let go of one. This helps prevent clutter from accumulating and encourages you to be more intentional about your purchases.

3. Evaluate Your Digital Life: Minimalism isn’t just about physical possessions; it extends to your digital space as well. Take time to declutter your digital files, unsubscribe from unnecessary emails, and limit your time on social media. A streamlined digital life can help reduce distractions and improve your mental clarity.

4. Simplify Your Commitments: Reflect on how you spend your time. Are there activities or obligations that no longer align with your values or bring you joy? Consider saying no to commitments that drain your energy, leaving room for activities that truly resonate with you.

5. Focus on Experiences: Shift your mindset from acquiring things to seeking experiences. Invest in travel, hobbies, or time spent with loved ones. Experiences often provide lasting memories and fulfillment that material possessions cannot.

6. Create a Minimalist Mindset: Embrace the idea that less is more. Cultivating a minimalist mindset involves being mindful of your consumption—both physical and mental. Practice gratitude for what you have, and focus on the present moment. This shift in perspective can enhance your overall quality of life.

A Journey, Not a Destination

Embracing minimalism is a personal journey that looks different for everyone. It’s not about achieving perfection or living with only a few possessions; it’s about finding balance and clarity in your life. As you explore this lifestyle, remember that it’s a continuous process. Allow yourself to grow and evolve, making adjustments along the way.

By embracing minimalism, you can create a more meaningful life filled with intention, joy, and freedom. So take the first step today—declutter a small space, let go of what no longer serves you, and open yourself up to the beauty of living simply. After all, in a world that often encourages excess, choosing less can be one of the most liberating decisions you make.

It's Time! Embracing the Magic of Christmas

 Embracing the Magic of Christmas Time

    As the days grow shorter and the nights grow colder, a familiar warmth begins to fill the air: it’s Christmas time! This magical season is not just a date on the calendar; it’s a feeling, a spirit, and an opportunity to connect with loved ones and reflect on the year gone by. From twinkling lights to the scent of freshly baked cookies, Christmas invites us to pause, appreciate, and celebrate.

 The Joy of Traditions

One of the most cherished aspects of Christmas is the traditions that families uphold. Whether it’s decorating the tree, singing carols, or watching classic holiday films, these rituals create a sense of belonging and nostalgia. Each family has its unique customs—some might gather to bake gingerbread houses, while others might volunteer at local shelters, ensuring that the spirit of giving is at the forefront of their celebrations.

This year, consider starting a new tradition. Perhaps it’s a themed dinner night, where each year you explore the culinary delights of a different culture, or a holiday scavenger hunt that brings out the playful spirit in everyone. Tra
ditions, old and new, weave a tapestry of memories that we carry with us for years to come.

The Art of Giving

At the heart of Christmas lies the spirit of giving. It’s a time to express love and gratitude, not just through gifts, but also through acts of kindness. This could mean donating to a local charity, helping a neighbor, or simply reaching out to someone who may be feeling lonely during the holidays. Small gestures can have a profound impact, reminding us that the true essence of Christmas is about connection and compassion.

When shopping for gifts, consider thoughtful options that reflect the recipient’s interests or perhaps make something homemade. A handwritten letter, a scrapbook of shared memories, or a batch of homemade cookies can often mean more than anything store-bought. After all, it’s the thought and love behind the gesture that truly counts.

Creating a Festive Atmosphere

As Christmas approaches, transforming your home into a festive sanctuary is part of the joy. From stringing up lights to hanging ornaments, each decoration adds to the ambiance. The unmistakable scent of pine from the Christmas tree, the warmth of a crackling fire, and the soft glow of candles create a cozy atmosphere that invites everyone to relax and enjoy the season.

Don’t forget about music! Christmas carols and holiday tunes have a unique way of lifting spirits and bringing people together. Create a playlist that includes your favorite songs and make it the soundtrack to your holiday gatherings. Whether you’re hosting a big family dinner or a cozy night in, music can enhance the mood and create lasting memories.

The Magic of Togetherness

Christmas is also a time for togetherness. In our fast-paced lives, it’s easy to get caught up in the hustle and bustle, but the holiday season encourages us to slow down and cherish the moments we have with friends and family. Gather around the dinner table, play board games, or simply share stories by the fireplace. These moments of connection remind us of what truly matters.

If distance separates you from loved ones, embrace technology! Virtual gatherings can bridge the gap, allowing you to celebrate together even when you’re apart. Share a meal over video chat, exchange gifts through the mail, or watch a Christmas movie simultaneously. The key is to find ways to maintain those connections, no matter the distance.

As the year comes to a close, Christmas also offers a moment for reflection. Take the time to think about the experiences you’ve had, the challenges you’ve faced, and the growth you’ve experienced. Expressing gratitude for the good things in our lives can foster a sense of peace and contentment during what can sometimes feel like a hectic season.

Consider keeping a journal where you jot down your thoughts and reflections during this time. You might also want to share your gratitude with others, whether through thank-you notes, social media posts, or heartfelt conversations.

At its core, Christmas is about love, compassion, and connection. It’s a time to celebrate the joys of life, to give and receive kindness, and to cherish the relationships that enrich our lives. As we embrace the magic of this season, let us remember to carry its spirit into the new year—spreading joy and kindness wherever we go.

So, whether you’re surrounded by family, friends, or celebrating quietly on your own, take a moment to soak in the beauty of Christmas time. Embrace the traditions, enjoy the festivities, and most importantly, let love guide your way.

Happy Holidays to all, and may your Christmas be filled with warmth, joy, and unforgettable memories! 🎄✨

The Los Angeles Chargers: Building Toward a Bright Future

            The Los Angeles Chargers, a team filled with talent and potential, continue to be one of the most intriguing franchises in the NFL. As they look toward the future, the organization faces challenges and opportunities that could shape their trajectory for years to come. From roster dynamics to coaching decisions and fan engagement, the Chargers are at a pivotal crossroads.

At the heart of the Chargers’ optimism is their franchise quarterback, Justin Herbert. The young star has quickly established himself as one of the league’s elite passers, combining a powerful arm with remarkable poise. Herbert's ability to lead the offense has kept the Chargers competitive in one of the toughest divisions in football, the AFC West. 

Surrounding Herbert is a core of young, dynamic playmakers, including rookie wide receiver Ladd Mckonkey, running back JK Dobbins, and edge rushers Joey Bosa and Khalil Mack. These players form the backbone of a team capable of competing at the highest level, provided they stay healthy and the supporting cast continues to grow.

One area of scrutiny for the Chargers has been their coaching staff. Former head coach Brandon Staley, known for his aggressive play-calling and analytical approach, garnered mixed reviews and was fired after last season. The Chargers were able to bring in and hire former 49ers head coach and the University of Michigan head coach John Harbaugh. Harbaugh’s extensive history and loaded resume makes him a perfect choice to be the Chargers head coach, and is exactly what the fans wanted. 

While the Chargers boast an impressive roster, there are areas in need of improvement. The offensive line, though improved in recent years, must continue to develop to protect Herbert and support the run game. Similarly, the defense has struggled with consistency, particularly in stopping the run. The Chargers did a great job addressing this issue in the draft.

Competing in the AFC West is no easy task. With annual contenders like the Kansas City Chiefs and an improving Denver Broncos squad, the Chargers must find ways to separate themselves. Consistency will be key, something that has eluded the team in recent seasons despite their undeniable talent.

The Chargers' move to Los Angeles in 2017 was met with mixed reactions, and building a loyal fan base in a city already home to the Rams has proven challenging. However, the team has made strides in connecting with the community, leveraging their new home at SoFi Stadium and engaging with younger fans through digital and social media campaigns. A winning team is often the best marketing tool, and sustained success on the field could cement the Chargers as a beloved franchise in the competitive Los Angeles sports market. 

The Chargers’ future is as bright as the California sun. With a franchise quarterback, a talented roster, a Star head coach, and a commitment to innovation, the team has the pieces to contend for a Super Bowl. However, success in the NFL requires more than just potential, it demands execution, resilience, and a touch of luck. As the Chargers look to the horizon, one thing is clear: their story is still being written, and the next chapter has the potential to be their most exciting yet. Fans, players, and the organization alike have every reason to believe that the best is yet to come.

Whose House?

The Los Angeles Rams played the Philadelphia Eagles on Sunday Night Football at Sofi Stadium. The Rams played at home, which is often considered an advantage. However, this time, the home team had a different outcome.

Philly, Philly

The Rams lost 37-20, but what happened off the field stood out the most about the game. That was my first time attending an NFL game, and I immediately noticed the midnight green crowds. It was noticeable in the stands, parking lot and concession lines. The overwhelming number of Eagles fans in attendance far exceeded the number of Rams fans. It was noticeable even when walking through the streets into the stadium. Eagles fans arrived in masses, making their presence known. They were loud and proud as the visiting team. I lost track of how many times I heard their victory song, "Fly, Eagles Fly," throughout the night.

Leaving Los Angeles

It is well known that the Eagles have one of the largest fan bases. However, it is hard to see that as the only reason for the staggering number of visiting fans who fill Sofi stadium during Ram's home games. From 1946 to 1994, the Rams played in Southern California but relocated to St Louis, Missouri, for two decades. In 2016, the franchise returned to Los Angeles only to find that the city's natives had started supporting other teams. For 21 years, the city had no NFL team to root for. Jerseys from different franchises, including the 49ers, Raiders, and Cowboys, are seen more often than the Rams'.

No Place to Call Home

Another issue with their hiatus from the city is the delay in building a home venue. At the time of the return, the Rams played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum for four years. While historic, it hindered the team from growing a fan base because they shared the field with two other teams. One team is the Los Angeles Chargers, which relocated to the city from San Diego. The other football team is the University of Southern California. It is easier to build a culture when the fans and team have a place to call home. Even now, with a new stadium, they still share it with the Chargers. The lack of home-field advantage hurts the Rams because now the NFL fans in Los Angeles are not only divided between two teams. They also compete with the fans who support the other teams in California or different states.

I Love L.A.

If there is one thing the city of Los Angeles welcomes, it is championships. After winning the Super Bowl in 2022, the team gained a larger fan base. The team needs more winning seasons to keep the fan base growing. No one wants to spend hundreds of dollars on a ticket to watch the home team lose. Only time will tell if the Los Angeles Rams will become as beloved as the Lakers and Dodgers. Focusing on the now, the Rams have another opportunity this Sunday to win a home game against the Buffalo Bills to stay in the hunt for the playoffs. The question is, will it be the Rams House, or will the Bills Mafia take over?

What’s the Problem with the Lakers?

 The Los Angeles Lakers currently have a 12-9 record, placing them eighth in the Western Conference. It’s been a mediocre start to the season, to say the least, as the team has already shown signs of inconsistency, including a six-game winning streak and a three-game losing streak. They don’t look like the contender they hoped to be but also don’t appear destined for the lottery—not that they own their first-round pick anyway. So, what is the issue with this team? And how can they fix it?

The Lakers had a quiet offseason, signing rookie head coach JJ Redick and drafting Dalton Knecht and Bronny James. That’s the issue right there. The front office seems to lack urgency in improving this team. While Knecht and Redick have been great so far, it’s not enough. The team is poorly structured, especially with its current injuries.

The Starting Lineup

Redick opted to begin the season with the successful starting five of D’Angelo Russell, Austin Reaves, Rui Hachimura, LeBron James, and Anthony Davis. Offensively, this group excels, but aside from Davis and James at times, their defense is mediocre at best. The solution? Insert Jarred Vanderbilt for Hachimura, a move that worked well two seasons ago. Vanderbilt is an elite wing defender who can guard multiple positions and cover up others’ defensive mistakes. However, Vanderbilt hasn’t played since Feb. 1. More on that later.

Another glaring issue in the starting lineup is the backcourt. While Reaves and Russell have had offensive success together, they often defer to one another, particularly when James is on the floor. Defensively, the duo struggles. Reaves is average, and Russell is flat-out bad. Redick has inserted Cam Reddish, a great defender, in place of Russell, which has helped the bench. However, the team can only stagger two of its top four players so much. The answer is simple: One of them must go—specifically Russell.

The decision isn’t difficult. Reaves is the better defender and a more consistent offensive player. Russell isn’t bad, but he’s often forced into a spot-up shooting role instead of playing to his strength of running an offense. This change would allow Rookie of the Year candidate Dalton Knecht to become a full-time starter.

Trade Options for Russell

So, who should the Lakers target in a trade involving Russell? The focus should be on defense, whether it’s a wing or a backup for Davis at center. Russell and Gabe Vincent—who has provided virtually nothing so far—could be packaged for players like Dorian Finney-Smith from the Nets, Robert Williams from the Trail Blazers, or even Dennis Schröder to bolster the backup point guard position. The options are there, but the Lakers’ front office, led by Rob Pelinka, seems content with mediocrity given the lack of moves over the last year.

Health Remains Key

Even if Pelinka makes a move, the season hinges on one factor: health. Rotational players Jarred Vanderbilt and Christian Wood have yet to play this season, and the Lakers desperately need help at the wing and big-man positions.

With Anthony Davis in his prime and LeBron James turning 40 this month—showing signs of regression like never before—it’s critical the front office does everything possible to maximize what’s left of this championship window.

Opinion: Dear California, abolish your costly death penalty

 

A statue of civil rights activist Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at his memorial site in Washington, D.C. / Image Credit: Emeka Ogbatue

(Editor’s Note: This article mentions death and distressing themes. Discretion is advised.)

If there is one thing Californians should push for in the near future, it should be the abolition of the state’s death penalty.

The drafting and ballot results of Proposition 6 — a rejected prison reform initiative and Proposition 36 — an approved initiative that will bring drug court changes and increases to drug trafficking and shoplifting penalties  — are clear evidence that criminal justice is among the pressing issues Californians want addressed.

However, one aspect of crime and justice that is often overlooked by voters and lawmakers when it is discussed is capital punishment, a process that significantly impacts how the state’s economy and criminal justice systems operate.

Even though California’s last execution took place in 2006 due to halts imposed from federal court rulings and a moratorium by Gov. Gavin Newsom in 2019, the cost of California having a death penalty is still massively burdening taxpayers.

According to the Legislative Analyst’s Office, the nonpartisan advisor to the California State Legislature, tens of millions are spent annually on prosecutions and appeals involving the death penalty. When considering current inflation, an analysis by the Sacramento Bee estimates the total cost to be over $300 million in just the past five years Newsom’s moratorium has been in effect.

Having these price tags, especially for an unused practice, is not just ridiculous but entirely unethical, given the state’s progressivism with criminal justice.

Even in cases where that progressive identity is in question, such as progressive Los Angeles District Attorney George Gascón’s recent reelection loss, progress remains within the state’s roots. At the same time Gascón lost, two former public defenders aligned with the socially progressive group, The Defenders of Justice, cruised to victory in their bids to serve on the LA County Superior Court.

These judicial wins, coupled with defeats of “tough-on-crime” candidates in competitive LA and Orange County districts for the U.S. House, do not suggest aggressive shifts in opinion on crime that several outlets are claiming. Rather, they signal frustration from voters that their elected leaders are not doing enough on issues they consider important relating to the state’s economy, homelessness, shoplifting and drug overdose deaths — things all related to crime, justice and reduced recidivism.

James “JC” Cavitt, is the executive director of Project Rebound at Cal State Fullerton, a program dedicated to helping individuals who were formerly incarcerated succeed in higher education and their reintroduction into society.

Cavitt says that through his work related to restorative justice, he has had conversations with families who have sought the death penalty against those who killed their loved ones.

He says that the families he has spoken with have felt no closure in the execution of their loved ones’ killers, noting that only more grief befalls them and other families affected.

“The death penalty, in my opinion, is not serving anyone; the victims, the survivors, society, its citizens, the taxpayers,” Cavitt said. “We decide to call it death row; it makes million-dollar clients.”

Supporters of the death penalty argue many things: that its existence deters crimes, protects the rights of victims’ families, promotes ethics and safety and reduces prison costs.

While their arguments may be coming from a place of intense feeling—feelings that are entirely humane to have in situations involving heinous crimes— their reason for having a death penalty is not substantiated by facts.

As cited on the Death Penalty Information Center’s website, research has consistently shown that having a death penalty in the U.S. and other countries does not deter crime, nor does it reduce costs.

Moreover, the idea that executions protect the rights of victims’ families and promote morality and safety is not supported by recent events in states with the death penalty.

In the lead-up to the 2024 election, a string of inmate executions rapidly took place throughout the southern United States. Five states — South Carolina, Missouri, Texas, Oklahoma and Alabama — each executed one inmate between Sept. 20 and Sept. 26.

In Missouri, a state with the sixth highest per capita in murder rate per capita, according to the Centers for Disease Control, a male inmate prior to his execution, had the victim’s family, activists and the same district attorney’s office that convicted him, albeit with a different lead prosecutor, call for his sentence to be commuted to life in prison amid controversy surrounding his trial’s fairness.

However, both Missouri’s governor and Supreme Court refused to halt or commute the inmate’s sentence, expressing reasons that were perceived by many as politically-motivated in nature.

Such a reality is negative and unwelcome, especially when considering the deep political turmoil and distrust the U.S. is facing with its elected leaders and its institutions or the U.S.’s well-documented history of racial bias with its death penalty.

Even post-Jim Crow, a study produced by researchers Catherine Grosso, Jeffrey Fagan and Michael Laurence found that among 1,900 homicide convictions in California between 1978 and 2002, Black defendants were 4.6 to 8.7 times more likely to be sentenced to death than other defendants with similar charges of other races. Latino defendants were also 3.2 to 6.2 times more likely to be sentenced to death than other defendants with similar charges of other races and cases with at least one white victim had 2.8 to 8.8 times greater odds of ending in a death sentence than cases with no white victims. 

Having a death penalty only enables worse outcomes, expanding the doorway for people to play politics with people's lives, harming victims’ families in the process and further eroding trust in institutions by giving the government a check to execute people while not acting in timely self-defense of its people.

For Californians, the topic of the death penalty will only grow in relevance over time. Currently, the state has a death row of over 600 people, the largest in the country and the entire Western Hemisphere. Gov. Newsom, who instituted a moratorium on the death penalty and demolished the execution chamber at the San Quentin Rehabilitation Center, is term-limited and will leave office in Jan. 2027.

The 2026 midterm elections may see a constitutional amendment proposed to eliminate the death penalty as a final push from his administration, or citizens may push to eliminate it given this year’s push for criminal justice reforms.

Additionally, 2026 gubernatorial candidates will likely be pressed on their stance on the death penalty as a potential litmus test for likeability and the state’s progressivism and that may apply heavily to someone like Vice President Kamala Harris, whose name has been thrown into speculation both for a gubernatorial bid and regarding the ambiguity of her stance on capital punishment during the 2024 election in contrast to her vocal opposition in 2019.

As these developments shape up, incoming president-elect Donald Trump has also already said he plans to resume federal executions and expand the death penalty as he engages in political battles with California’s elected leaders.

These developments circle back to reasons why Californians should oppose the death penalty now. Nothing is gained from it and everyone is harmed by it.

Review: 'Moana 2' barely wayfound box office success

© Disney

For being a sequel to one of Disney’s most successful movies, “Moana 2,” known as “Vaiana 2” and “Oceania 2” in some markets outside the U.S., narrowly excels at being an impactful continuation of the original 2016 movie. 

“Moana 2” debuted in U.S. theaters on Nov. 27 and it ceremoniously followed the main character, Moana, and her village, Motunui, three years after “Moana” (2016). In the 2016 movie, Moana, the village chief’s daughter and an aspiring wayfinder, voyaged with her hog Pua, her chicken Heihei and Maui, a comedically mighty demigod, across the treacherous ocean to find and restore Te Fiti, a once-vibrant island that became a calamitous and desolate demon after Maui stole its heart a millennium ago. Together, Moana and Maui underwent massive character development and successfully restored Te Fiti.

“Moana 2” tweaks some of the first movie’s plot, adding noticeably higher stakes. 

This time around, Moana, after receiving a vision from her ancestor Tautai Vasa, must find the island of Motufetu, a revered central hub for all of the islands until Nalo, a human-hating god, cursed it and sank it to the bottom of the ocean to destroy humanity and establish his dominance. If Moana fails to save Motufetu, humanity will fail to reconnect with each other and cease to exist.

Given these stakes, Moana is aided not only by Pua, Heihei and Maui, but by a trio of new characters from her village: Loto, a skilled craftswoman; Moni, a strong farm boy who idolizes Maui and Keke, a grumpy, old man who adept at farming.

This simple and arguably repetitive plot retcons elements of the original movie, such as the Motunui’s reason for being separated from society, but it does expand the scenic world of “Moana” while also setting up electrifying action sequences that cemented Moana’s place as one of Disney’s best princesses.

However, despite its success in the action department, many things leading up to the action are incredibly lackluster. Outside some one-off moments of teamwork, our new heroes failed to be memorable like other helpers in other iconic Disney princess movies, such as Mushu from “Mulan” (1998), Ray from “The Princess and the Frog” (2009), or Flounder and Sebastian from “The Little Mermaid” (1989).

This issue and others, unfortunately, likely stem from executive decisions made within production.

For example, Maui’s pivotal role in helping Moana save Motufetu was delayed for a sizable amount of the movie because he was held captive by Nalo’s female accomplice, Matangi ,until she secretly betrays him and helps our heroes.

This delay would make sense in a TV show format since tension would build over episodes, and apparently, “Moana 2” was initially meant to be just that, a TV show, but since it isn’t Maui’s delay in the 1 hour and 40-minute slot feels untimely and unsatisfying given his character’s charm and importance.

Another issue likely caused by production changes is Nalo’s presence. Despite repeatedly being mentioned as a harrowing evil, Nalo never reveals himself physically. He attacks our heroes with lightning storms and sea monsters, but he remains unseen in physical form until a post-credits cutscene where he forces Matangi to serve him in his revenge after Motufetu is restored by our heroes.

Lastly, the absence of Lin-Manuel Miranda, a heavy contributor to the original movie’s music, was heavily felt. Despite having spirit, great animation and timely placements, “Moana 2’s” songs, produced by new songwriters Abigail Barlow and Emily Bear, lacked catchiness due to clunky lyrics. Neither I nor my “Moana” stan teenage cousin recalled any song lyrics when we left the theater.

Thankfully, despite its pitfalls, “Moana 2” will be remembered for its action and the development of Moana and Maui as both characters literally died and came back to life to save Motufetu.  The post-credit scene with Nalo and Matangi guarantees another continuation of the story.

What Disney must do now between now and then is ensure that “Moana” doesn’t deteriorate into a failed sequel cash grab franchise or endure the same pitfalls in pacing or music.

But for now, given what “Moana 2” has offered, I give it a 7: barely passing. 

I’m cautiously optimistic about what will happen next.